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FOCAL. Salcedo the Great.
It was the early 70s of the last century, and in our PDP-8 compatible minicomputer from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) there was almost no way to program except by hand-coding machine language. Later, the Central Institute for Digital Research (ICID) developed the assembler and later the LEAL language (LEnguaje ALgoritmico) that I have referred to in other articles and in which it was quite difficult and tedious to program as it was postfix notation, especially when evaluating...
My fellow operators.
{loadmoduleid 135} In other articles I have commented that in the 70s our Neuroscience department had a CID-201-B minicomputer compatible with the PDP-8 of the DEC company and that the CID-201-B had only a typewriter teletype, a perforated paper tape reader, and a paper tape printer.In order to use this equipment, after developing and fine-tuning each program, it was necessary to "punch" the tapes with the data, or, for example, use the CONCATISO program (see article) to convert t...
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Cats on MEDICID-1
One of the most fantastic things about having a computer in our department in the 70's is that we could do with it what we wanted, literally, without having to go through all the bureaucracy created around the so-called "Calculation Centers", where weeks and even months passed between having an idea and getting a real program to implement it. In other words, we lived through the personal computer revolution years before it even existed.In those years a young researcher, the current...
Speaking of robots in 1977.
One afternoon of the many in which the programs we developed took hours and even days to produce results, several colleagues were meeting near our computer and the topic of robots came up.Some of us talked about the distance between the human being and the automation of processes by computers, which by the way is currently maintained, others about the development of Neuroscience itself, others the development of mathematics and computing itself, in short, almost any topic fit into...
Varied content with interesting or necessary documents for reading or entertainment.
In this section of documents you will find a wide variety of content, both HavanaTrends own documents and documents from other authors, as well as documents that you wish to share with our Internet users. All (or almost all, see our Privacy Policy) content is welcome. The document can be practically in any digital format, be it PDF, HTML, TXT, DOCX, etc. We look forward to your collaboration by registering and writing to info@havanatrends.com requesting to be an author. Octavio...
To be a Programmer... without mathematics?
Programming... There are so many work and development opportunities for the Programmer and the Entrepreneur... Smart houses, the internet of things (IoT), websites as varied as the world is, mobile applications (Android, IOS), Security in communications and in business, PC applications (Windows, Mac, Chrome OS), are some examples of how varied and necessary for Programmers to do their work. Artificial intelligence? And who programs, trains, and maintains it? Programmers first. A...
Technology plus Ideas.
Technology plus Ideas. In this section we intend to comment on technology applied or applicable in the future, as well as presenting ideas on various technological topics. You can add content by yourself if you register and request it to us at info@havanatrends.com Any technological comment is welcome. Any technological idea is welcome. This section contains technological topics from the past as well as ideas for the future. We look forward to your collaboration. Octavio Bae...
Antiviral treatment for dengue AIDS and others via genome sonification, applied by bone conduction.
https://sonictreatment.havanatrends.com/  It is important not to listen to the audios but to put large headphones behind your ears in order to apply this antiviral treatment via bone conduction. Summary: Antiviral treatments can be made using the audio generated from an encoding of the entire genome of various viruses, an encoding that creates a numerical series that can be sonified . The generated audio files are attached or you can download them using the listed links. It is very important t...
FORTRAN. The best for calculus.
It was the 70's and I continued working as a programmer for the Neuroscience Department using the laboratory computer, which in other articles I have explained that it only had 32 Kilo Words of 12 bits each, a typewriter that could punch 8-bit paper tapes. channels (bits), and an 8-channel paper tape reader.I have also commented that I programmed coding "by hand", and as soon as it was available in the machine language assembler, and also in the LEAL language, which was "postfix".T...
How we finish the ANFACT.
Well, I didn't know whether to put this article in "Stories" or if here, in "ProgramSolving", but in the end, due to the randomness of the Programming, I decided to put it here.It was between 1973-1974 and a Programmer from the Center's Department of Mathematics, Raisa Cepero Bonilla, was in charge of carrying out a project to carry out a "Factorial Analysis by Correspondence", which is a fairly sophisticated statistical analysis and not very broad utilization even today.It was pro...
Tapes, Punched Cards, and Machine Time.
It was the 70's and then we only had a 12-bit 32 Kilo Words computer, as I have commented, but the problems that we had to solve, especially statistical ones, needed many more resources.So I took on the task of "circumventing the bureaucracy" of the Computing Centers with their way of working: "submit the program and data on paper" and after days or weeks: "come and collect your results" or "the program did not compile" or "the program failed", which made us fix the problems on pap...
Human Facebook.
Yesterday walking and walking I went to repair a fan where a technician who has been repairing electrical appliances for more than 20 years, has a lot of experience, is fast and accurate.Upon arrival there was a "return at 2:30" sign and waiting for it a Mrs. arrived with a rice cooker. Well, we started talking and talking, and I said to myself, why wait until everyone has internet to use Facebook? Facebook we have it within reach...Well, without meeting each other, exchanging pho...
Program and fine-tune in assembler binary
It was the years 1973, 1974,...In the article on "CONCATISO my first program" I described in broad strokes the characteristics of the computer CID-201-B compatible with the PDP-8 of the DEC company.Recall that it was 12 bits long, but also only had a 12-bit accumulator register and 1 carry bit.Machine language instructions were encoded in those 12 bits where sometimes another word was used to access groups of 4096 (12 bits) memory words, and thus be able to access all 32 Kilowords...
Spreadsheets. The best visual programming language.
The history of Spreadsheets is fascinating, from Richard Mattessich who in 1972 wrote the article "Budgeting Models and System Simulation" creating the concept, to Pardo and Landau, who tried to obtain a Patent.But the renowned inventor of Spreadsheets is Dan Bricklin, with his VisiCalc, which was available since 1979 and was, let's say, the first and most important computing tool in the hands of anyone when it was implemented for the first computer that we can call "personal".I kn...
Spreadsheets as a universal computing model.
Any two-dimensional screen can be viewed as a collection of rectangular cells. A point and even the entire screen can be defined as such. Almost all cell phones and computer screens are two-dimensional screens. And some may be three-dimensional. Therefore anything that runs on mobiles or PCs or MACs is seen on a two-dimensional screen as a collection of rectangular cells, or three-dimensional as rectangular cubes. In conclusion, anything that runs on mobiles or PCs or MACs can b...
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This website is owned and operated by HavanaTrends. These Terms establish the terms and conditions under which you can use our website and services offered by us. This website offers visitors readings on how to solve problems by programming, real or fictional stories, link shortcuts for various interests, design, hosting, and programming services for websites and Android APKs, useful documents, as well as articles in our Store. By accessing or using the website of our service, you...
How I met Dr. Mitchell Valdés.
In other articles I have commented that in 1972 I was studying Pure Mathematics and I  coincide with Dr. Pedro Valdés (Peter, as everyone knows him) that he was continuing his studies in Mathematics to increase his working capacities in Neurosciences.We became good friends, we studied together in the University Park, in the Classrooms, in the Library, until one day he told me: "Tomorrow, Saturday, I'll wait for you at my house to continue."Saturday comes, I go to Peter's house, I r...
Who am I and what I have programmed
Hi !. I am Octavio, and as editor of this section I offer to share your experiences in programming, from curious anecdotes to difficult moments when making large or small systems. We will also share how to solve all kinds of problems using programming as a tool, for PCs, for Mobiles, and even for the Cloud. If you are a novice, then welcome, and if you are an expert, then welcome too. All kinds of writings will be interesting to us to publish, because where else will you find tha...
To Manchita
I had the joy of meeting Manchita. I had never had dogs, as a child only a cat. Manchita came to us by chance. A friend of my daughter found her alone on the street, and despite the fact that for several days she made her visible in front of her house, no one claimed her. Well, my daughter stayed with her. At first I was little at home, spending time with my daughter, either in ballet classes or in her apartment. Later on, my daughter is hired abroad, and leaves us looking after...
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